Ecofeminism: The Feminism of Ecology Essay examples -- Ecofeminism

There are many, different oppressions throughout human society that are intricately woven together and interconnected. Many of these oppressions are formed within a patriarchal, Christian theology and involve the body the body of Earth, the bodies of women, the body of animals. Sallie McFague sets up a model of bodies to help break these connected oppressions. McFagues work emphasizes that the body and its oppressions are what connects Christian theology, feminism, and ecology. Her model focuses on the metaphorical topic that the body of the hide is the body of God (McFague, 1993). To better understand this model, we must first examine how bodies have been viewed and affected within the Christian religion framework of our western horticulture. Christianity has a long tradition of focusing on embodiment. Its basic practices and ideas of incarnation, Christology, the Resurrection, and the Eucharist, even the metaphor of the church being the body of Christ, all involve embodiment in more or less way (McFague, 1993). Yet, with these embodiment characteristics of Christianity, this religion still devalues nature and womens bodies. It has set up a patriarchal framework for western culture of devaluing the body, and women. Western culture and religion have a long, painful history of demeaning the female by identifying her with the body and with nature, while elevating the male by identifying him with reason and spirit (McFague, 1993). This idea reinforces stereotypes that oppress women and separates the body from the mind and soul. Until we reconcile this disconnect of the body and mind, we cannot fully love all bodies this leads to the inability to love the body of the earth (McFague, 1993). Without this love, we cannot fully apprise ... ...hange and Global Warming Introduction. Global Issues. Retrieved from http//www.globalissues.org/article/233/climate-change-and-global-warming-introduction.United Nations Population Funds (2009, November 18). Facing a Changin g World Women, Population, and Climate. State of the Worlds Population, UNFPA. Retrieved from http//www.unfpa.org/webdav/ site/global/shared/swp/englishswop09.pdf.Warren, K. J. (1995). The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism. In M. H. MacKinnon & M. McIntyre (Eds.), Readings in Ecology and Feminist Theology (172-195). Kansas City Sheed and Ward.Winerman, L. (2005). The Minds Mirror. Monitor on Psychology, 36. Retrieved from http//www.apa.org/monitor/oct05/mirror.aspx.Young, H. (2013). Why We Wont Stop Global Warming. Aljazeera. Retrieved from http//www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/01/201312094040359963.html.

What Caused The Downfall of Sparta? :: Ancient Greece Greek History

What Caused The Downfall of Sparta?Hypothesis Sparta collapsed because they did not allow the helots to fight in fightThe Beginning of Sparta In roughly 100 BCE, the Dorians invaded Greece from the North. During the Dark Ages, the Dorians make their way south, capturing the inhabitants of the lands they passed through as helots. At the beginning of the Dark Ages, it is thought that there were some Dorian settlements in Laconia, each with their own helot population. At some time during the Dark Ages, Sparta overtook these fellow Dorian settlements and their helot populations, as well as control of the whole of Laconia. The life-threatenings kept the helots as a huge, bullnecked slave race and, although they did not enslave their fellow Dorians, the other Dorians were made perioci, meaning those who inhabit round or so. The perioci were needed to be the craftsmen, considersmen and manufacturers for the Spartans, who were trained as full time soldiers.At the end of the Dark Ages , there was nothing exceptional about Sparta (except her control of the helot population) but from about the middle of the sixth Century BCE, Sparta gradually turned away from the rest of Greece. They no longer welcomed visitors, cut their trade ties, stopped building ships and when the rest of Greece began using coins instead of compact spits, Sparta continued to use the spits. Sparta still had poetry and music, but instead of listening to new poems and songs, they conditioned only the compositions of the past, and new poets and musicians were not welcomed. Sparta still produced pottery and coat work for every-day use, but it was of poorer quality than the work of other cities. Spartans no longer participated in athletic festivals in other parts of Greece and the whole city became skinny and withdrawn, refusing to communicate with the rest of Greece.Education The Spartans were raised and educated to be perfectly obedient and pursue the state without question. Spartan education had no interest with literature, bright or academic activities and did Spartans were not taught subjects like mathematics, science or geography. Even as babies, Spartiates were treat harshly - they were made to eat whatever food they were given, unexpended alone, left alone in the dark, and it is probable that no attention was paid to babies when they cried.A Spartan Boys education as a soldier began when the boy was about 7 or 8 years old.What Caused The Downfall of Sparta? Ancient Greece Greek HistoryWhat Caused The Downfall of Sparta?Hypothesis Sparta collapsed because they did not allow the helots to fight in battleThe Beginning of Sparta In about 100 BCE, the Dorians invaded Greece from the North. During the Dark Ages, the Dorians made their way south, capturing the inhabitants of the lands they passed through as helots. At the beginning of the Dark Ages, it is thought that there were many Dorian settlements in Laconia, each with their own helot population. At some time d uring the Dark Ages, Sparta overtook these fellow Dorian settlements and their helot populations, as well as control of the whole of Laconia. The Spartans kept the helots as a huge, strong slave race and, although they did not enslave their fellow Dorians, the other Dorians were made perioci, meaning those who live round about. The perioci were needed to be the craftsmen, tradesmen and manufacturers for the Spartans, who were trained as full time soldiers.At the end of the Dark Ages, there was nothing exceptional about Sparta (except her control of the helot population) but from about the middle of the 6th Century BCE, Sparta gradually turned away from the rest of Greece. They no longer welcomed visitors, cut their trade ties, stopped building ships and when the rest of Greece began using coins instead of iron spits, Sparta continued to use the spits. Sparta still had poetry and music, but instead of listening to new poems and songs, they learned only the compositions of the past, a nd new poets and musicians were not welcomed. Sparta still produced pottery and metal work for every-day use, but it was of poorer quality than the work of other cities. Spartans no longer participated in athletic festivals in other parts of Greece and the whole city became secretive and withdrawn, refusing to communicate with the rest of Greece.Education The Spartans were raised and educated to be perfectly obedient and obey the state without question. Spartan education had no interest with literature, intellectual or academic activities and did Spartans were not taught subjects like mathematics, science or geography. Even as babies, Spartiates were treated harshly - they were made to eat whatever food they were given, left alone, left alone in the dark, and it is probable that no attention was paid to babies when they cried.A Spartan Boys education as a soldier began when the boy was about 7 or 8 years old.

Saving Black Mesa :: Argumentative Persuasive Papers

Saving Black MesaWorks Cited Missing To the northeast part of Arizona lay a conflict between 2 indigenous groups from the surrounding area and the worlds largest coal company formerly know as Peabody Coal (now Peabody Energy). The Hopi and Navajo reservations surround a region known as Black Mesa. Black Mesa is located on both the Navajo and Hopi military reserves which is a target source for underground water called the N-aquifer. The N-aquifer contains a great come of pristine Ice Age water. As time drew on, many indigenous people were alarmed that the water was carelessly being depleted from their land. mine on Black Mesa should be stopped because the inhabitants are affected by Peabody, livestock in the area must depend on the local springs, groundwater is being depleted at an average of 3.3 million gallons per day, and the water is being contaminated (SBMW Online par 1). In the beginning, the Black Mesa region expanded from the Hopi Reservation in to Navajo borders. On the borderline between the Navajo and Hopi two were at constant disagreements over the claim of territory. Based on three Arizonan judges, the land was to be proclaim as Joint Use Area which lasted 15 years from 1962 to 1977, between the two tribes. Still not content the two groups had bitter political feelings towards oneness another. In 1977 the land was divided by giving the Hopi tribe 900,000 acres, accounting for most of the land. Both tribes shared the mineral deposits and as little land as the Navajo tribe had acquired from the settlement, Hopi land in all is an island reservation surrounded by the Navajo Nation. Although having the Hopi at a major disadvantage, many of the Navajo people that lived all their lives in the typify Hopi reservation had moved out (LUHNACP Online par 8). Although many people would insist that the Navajo and Hopi people had agreed to let Peabody mine their land, the problem is a little more(prenominal) compl icated than what seems obvious. In 1966 a lawyer for the Hopi tribe by the name of John Boyden convinced several members of the Navajo tribe to start a council.

World Depression :: essays research papers

World Great DepressionMacro EconomicsThe mental picture that plagued the United States in the 1930s was distinctive in its enormity and its consequences. Europe and different countries suffered in the depression due to three main areas of discussion. The effects of share contributed to depression throughout Europe and America. United States and other countries unemployment soared. With the ravages of world war adept many countries where in debt in post war world ane or became in debt due to reparations. It has been said that the Great Depression began in 1929 by and by a cataclysmic fizzle of the New York Stock Exchange. It began in the United States but quickly spread across the world causing an economic slump. During the collapse of the world the German case is perfect example of what happen virtually everywhere in the 1930s. The international economy broke up into trading blocks unyielding by political allegiances and currencies. Britains economy suffered with the loss of the over seas market and the countrys choice to not to devalue the pound. When face with falling exports honorarium governments began overreacting and began severely reducing trade. Nearly all countries needed to protect their domestic production and began imposing tariffs. By doing this it greatly reduced the amount of international trade and furthered them into debt. The high tariffs hindered the payments of war debts, which were only paid off by loans from the United States and Britain for war reparations. The destabilization of the European economy came through the international debt structure that appeared aft(prenominal) World War one. (http//www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/depression/about.htm), (http//www.kwaves.com/kond_analysis.htm) (http//mars.acnet.wnec.edu/gremel/Courses/wc2/lecturMany countries that where allies with the United States during the war owed large amounts of money to American banks. The amount of money was so immense that it is one reason that the Allies insi sted at Treaty of Versailles that repartitions be paid which they thought would be able to pay off their debts. After America fell into the depression they recalled their loans making many German banks to close their doors and the whole system to collapse. Not being able to pay off their reparations to the Allies due to Germany and Austria being in the debt themselves. Along with Germany the United States started to remove money from Europe, leading to the selling for European monies and collapse of European banks. (http//www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/depression/about.htm), (http//www.kwaves.com/kond_analysis.htm)As the countries loss money and began to fall into debt the unemployment began to rise.

Is Caffeine Addictive? Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Is Caffeine Addictive?As exams approach, students everywhere reach for their coffee mugs, their Vivarine and No-Doz. Legions of wide-eyed and shaky teen people stay up late into the night, printing out final papers and cramming a year worth of information into their everyplace-burned minds. Falling asleep over books is not acceptable at this time of year. But this is not a new thing many students have a late-night lifestyle supported by caffeine, getting an average of 5 hours of sleep a night. These young people are a part of the nearly 80% of Americans who depend on caffeine (1). They use it to stay awake when their bodies tell them they need to sleep. Many people use it simply to feel more awake or simply because they similar the taste of coffee, sodas or teas which contain the medicine. For those who love coffee, the taste is often cited as the reason for the addiction and the use of that word does not imply anything like a drug addiction. However, try to take away someones co ffee abruptly and chances are they will experience withdrawal symptoms (2). The body develops a dependence on caffeine which is very obvious stop drinking coffee for a day after being a regular drinker and get a headache, past drink coffee and it goes away. Some call this an addiction, coining terms such as caffeinisme and caffeine withdrawal syndrome (4), and classify caffeine as a mind-altering drug (3) (5) (6) (7). Many others protect caffeine, saying it does not compare to a true drug addiction and some even claim it has benefits-that it not only increases sharp-sightedness further has other healthful properties (2) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13). It is very difficult to find an objective article on the effects of caffeine, for while the information is often c... ...xhaustion. There is gigantic need for more research regarding the properties of caffeine. There is too much contradictory information and studies are not conclusive. A huge number of people some the world consume abundant caffeine to be diagnosed as dependent who have not been reassured that it is safe. Nor have they been given a good enough reason to stop their consumption or cut down to safer levels of caffeine intake. It would take a lot of negative findings to dissuade people from using the drug, but a better understanding on all properties could also find more uses for caffeine and could reassure those who are doubtful of the safety of caffeine consumption. lucre Sourceshttp//www.usa-gymnastics.org/publications/usa-gymnastics/1996/4/body-balance.htmlhttp//www.healthy.net/scr/article.asp?ID=800http//www.healthy.net/scr/article.asp?ID=2046

Is Caffeine Addictive? Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Is Caffeine Addictive?As exams approach, students everywhere reach for their coffee tree mugs, their Vivarine and No-Doz. Legions of wide-eyed and shaky young people stay up late into the night, printing out final papers and cramming a year worth of entropy into their over-burned minds. Falling asleep over books is not acceptable at this time of year. But this is not a new thing many students have a late-night lifestyle supported by caffeine, getting an average of 5 hours of sleep a night. These young people are a part of the nearly 80% of Americans who depend on caffeine (1). They use it to stay circumspect when their bodies tell them they need to sleep. Many people use it simply to feel more awake or simply because they like the taste of coffee, sodas or teas which contain the drug. For those who love coffee, the taste is often cited as the reason for the addiction and the use of that word does not imply anything like a drug addiction. However, try to take away someones coffee a bruptly and chances are they will experience withdrawal symptoms (2). The body develops a dependence on caffeine which is very obvious stop drinking coffee for a day after being a regular juicer and get a headache, then drink coffee and it goes away. Some call this an addiction, coining terms such as caffeinisme and caffeine withdrawal syndrome (4), and classify caffeine as a mind-altering drug (3) (5) (6) (7). Many others protect caffeine, saying it does not compare to a true drug addiction and some even necessitate it has benefits-that it not only increases alertness but has other healthful properties (2) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13). It is very difficult to find an objective article on the effects of caffeine, for while the learning is often c... ...xhaustion. There is great need for more research regarding the properties of caffeine. There is too much contradictory information and studies are not conclusive. A broad number of people around the world consume enough caffeine t o be diagnosed as dependent who have not been reassured that it is safe. Nor have they been abandoned a good enough reason to stop their consumption or cut down to safer levels of caffeine intake. It would take a lot of negative findings to advise people from using the drug, but a better understanding on all properties could also find more uses for caffeine and could reassure those who are dubious of the safety of caffeine consumption. Internet Sourceshttp//www.usa-gymnastics.org/publications/usa-gymnastics/1996/4/body-balance.htmlhttp//www.healthy.net/scr/article.asp?ID=800http//www.healthy.net/scr/article.asp?ID=2046

Italian Neorealism

In the period between 1943 and 1950 Italian cinema was dominated by Neorealism which became the most significant ask style of post-war Europe. Formation began can in 1936 when propagandists opened juvenile Cincitta studios and the ask school name Centro Sperimentaledi Cinematografia. Along with the opening of schools such as this was a movement that placed a separate of cinematographers under full-year contracts, among them was Carlo Montuori who used his classic techniques in creating Bicycle Thieves (1948) one of the most well known films produced during the Neo-Realism movement.Perhaps also one of the most influential directors was Roberto Rossellini who enjoin Rome Open City at the end of WWII. Many directors and influential films such as this began to change and shape the way Italian films were made and what their semblance to society was like. The neorealist style was developed by a circle of film critics that revolved around the magazine Cinema, despite a severe lack of pecuniary resource and equipment the Neorealist film makers sought to reveal truth of the everyday life.Filming outdoors in natural light and starring nonprofessional actors, it was a return to the Lumiere value orientation of framed reality. NeoRealism became a style of film which was characterised by stories that were set amongst the poor and working class plenty. Realism would always be emphasized, and per gradationances were mostly constructed from scenes of ordinary raft performing fairly uninteresting and everyday tasks, completely derived of the self-consciousness that a trained actor would usually produce.The films would generally feature children as the study utilisation but they were usually more observational rather than engaging. The film makers were heavily influenced by French poetic realism which was a stylised and studio curb movement that recreated the realism of society. Elements of neorealism can be found in the films of Alessandro Blasetti and the documen tary-style films of Francesco De Robertis whose films Toni (Renoir in 1935) and 1860 (Blasetti in 1934) were two of the most significant precursors of the neorealism movement.There are a few aspects that make Italian Neorealist films unique they would use nonprofessional actors for there raw awkwardness and everyday habits, capturing the reality of their poverty and desperation. The film makers would shoot scenes on pickle and mostly in poor neighborhoods or the countryside, with the plot surrounding life among the impoverished and lower class. The films theme mostly handled the difficulty of the economy and struggling lesson conditions of post-WWII Italy while reflecting the changes in the Italian persona and the conditions of everyday life.What has become one of the best known Neorealist films is Roberto Rossellinis Rome Open City (1945), the film includes many of the characteristics of NeoRealism. The film contains a strong resistance towards conventional principles therefore s howing an anti-establishment and revolutionary attitude. Just weeks after the German withdrawal Rossellini shot Rome Open City, this blow out of the water and excited the film world because the film entails of the film was not expected.They had an extemporaneous, documentary quality enhanced in the early era by the materials from which they were madewar-time film stock, cobbled-together equipment, non-professional actors, and location shooting. Open City is a good example of this early period in neorealism. Rossellini helped Italian neorealism to develop as a particular form of cinematic expression during the period when Italy was ruled by authoritarians. Rossellini would rewrite the scripts according to the (nonprofessional) actors feelings and history. The regional accent of the area, dialect and costumes were shown in the film how they were in real life.Truffaut (one of the major figures of The French New Wave film movement) wrote in his 1963 essay titled Roberto Rossellini Pref ers Real Life, that Rossellinis influence in France particularly among the directors who would become part of the nouvelle vague (new undulation movement) was so substantial that he was in every sense the father of the French New Wave. The opinion that Rosselinis work had become the accounting entry to a new style of film was enforced by many of the up and coming directors of the time and his work is still appreciated in the modern film world.When the economy began to improve and the rate of unemployment decreased people found Neorealism discouraging and began to favor light hearted American films which involved positive outcomes and happier endings than what the Italian people had come to know, with this change in favor came the end of the NeoRealism Era. Nevertheless Italian NeoRealism was essential to Italys film industry at the time the war end and while Europe was recovering from the war. Its impact on modern film has been monumental, not only in Italian film but also on Fren ch New Wave cinema, and ultimately on films all over the world.